金門國家遊樂區 （GGNRA） 是國家公園管理局的一個部門，由國會於 1972 年成立，作為使城市人口更容易獲得國家公園資源並將「公園帶給人民」的趨勢的一部分。 惡魔島因其獨特的自然資源和人類歷史而被納入這個新的國家公園管理局部門，於 1973 年 10 月 25 日向公眾開放。

惡魔島是一個受歡迎的目的地

在過去的 45 年裡， 惡魔島 已成為世界上最受歡迎的旅遊目的地之一，每年吸引來自世界各地的 170 多萬人前來 “會見 ”美國一些最嚴厲的罪犯。

在1973年之前，遊客以前從未被允許進入島上，反應是壓倒性的--在惡魔島開放的第一年，有超過50,000人參觀了它。歷史學家估計，這比以前所有有記載的歷史中踏上該島的人數還要多。

惡魔島的歷史

惡魔島的歷史是廣泛的。除了關押該國一些最臭名昭著的罪犯外，惡魔島在作為監獄生活之前和之後一直是一個重要的環境。島上的第一所監獄建於 1850 年代後期，當時美國陸軍最初在美國內戰和美西戰爭期間關押軍事囚犯。在1900年代初期，建造了一座新監獄。這座擁有600個牢房的監獄，今天被稱為惡魔島，於1912年完工。惡魔島於1934年7月1日成為最高安全級別的監獄，並關押了一些最臭名昭著的囚犯，如阿爾·卡彭、 喬治“機槍”凱利和阿爾文“令人毛骨悚然的卡爾皮斯”卡爾波維奇。 美洲原住民 每年 10 月和 11 月返回，舉行日出儀式，紀念他們 1969 年佔領前監獄。其他一些很酷的事實：

• 惡魔島燈塔是西部最古老的燈塔，仍然發出它的光束
• 該島被認為是一個生態保護區，曾經是加利福尼亞北部海岸最大的棕色鵜鶘殖民地之一
• 島上的霧號仍然發出嘶啞的咆哮，夏日的霧氣從金門悄悄進入，將惡魔島籠罩在薄霧和神秘之中

國家公園管理局

國家公園管理局 （NPS） 是美國內政部下屬的一個聯邦機構，負責管理美國最重要的自然、風景、歷史和文化寶藏的保護和公共使用。NPS 管理著金門國家公園以及美國各地的 394 個其他公園遺址。欲瞭解更多資訊，請訪問國家公園管理局 - 金門 網站。

與惡魔島城市游輪一起參觀島嶼

你可以用 惡魔島城市游輪來探索一段歷史！有多種旅遊選項可供選擇，這意味著每個人都能找到適合自己的東西！雖然所有的體驗都應該在你的行程中，但有幾個最喜歡的專案包括 惡魔島幕後之旅，遊客將能夠看到監獄中原本不對公眾開放的區域。這個4-5小時的旅遊將帶您遊覽禁區，然後加入 惡魔島夜遊。在夜間遊覽中，您將有機會欣賞島上的日落，同時還可以體驗天黑后惡魔島的多種心情、獨家旅遊和活動。

惡魔島城市游輪很榮幸被 《新聞週刊》雜誌的 專家小組成員和撰稿人公認為 「最佳遊船之旅」，並被讀者投票選為最好的！

FAQs – The History of Alcatraz as a National Park

When did Alcatraz become a national park?

Alcatraz Island became part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area in 1972 and is managed by the National Park Service (NPS). It was opened to the public in 1973, allowing visitors to explore its rich history and natural beauty.

How do I book a tour to visit Alcatraz Island?

To visit Alcatraz Island, book your tour through Alcatraz City Cruises, the official authorized concessioner for ferry transportation to the island. It’s recommended to book tickets well in advance, as tours often sell out quickly, especially during peak seasons.

Why is Alcatraz Island historically significant?

Alcatraz Island has a rich and complex history spanning multiple eras:

• Military Fortification (1850s–1907): Originally used as a U.S. military outpost and fortress to protect San Francisco Bay.
• Military Prison (1907–1933): Alcatraz served as a military prison for Confederate soldiers, Native American dissidents, and U.S. military offenders.
• Federal Penitentiary (1934–1963): Perhaps its most famous chapter, Alcatraz operated as a maximum-security federal prison housing some of America’s most notorious criminals, including Al Capone, George “Machine Gun” Kelly, and Robert “Birdman” Stroud.
• Native American Occupation (1969–1971): Alcatraz became the site of a 19-month-long occupation by Native American activists, led by the group Indians of All Tribes, advocating for Indigenous rights and sovereignty.

Why did Alcatraz close as a prison?

Alcatraz Prison closed in 1963 due to rising operational costs and deteriorating facilities. It was expensive to maintain because of its isolated location, and the cost of transporting supplies and personnel proved unsustainable for the government.

What role did Alcatraz play during the Native American Occupation?

From November 1969 to June 1971, Alcatraz Island was occupied by the group Indians of All Tribes in a peaceful protest aimed at reclaiming Native lands and raising awareness about Indigenous rights. The occupation helped ignite the modern Native American civil rights movement and left a lasting impact on U.S. policies toward Indigenous communities.

What can visitors see today at Alcatraz National Park?

Visitors can explore several historical sites and landmarks, including:

• The Main Cellhouse, where notorious inmates were once held.
• The Warden’s House and Lighthouse provides a glimpse of life for those who worked on the island.
• Ruins of the Guardhouse and Barracks from the military era.
• Interpretive exhibits about the Native American Occupation and Alcatraz’s diverse history.
• Breathtaking views of the San Francisco skyline, Golden Gate Bridge, and Bay Area from multiple vantage points.

Is the Alcatraz Island tour self-guided or guided?

Alcatraz City Cruises offers a self-guided audio tour called “Doing Time: The Alcatraz Cellhouse Tour,” which takes visitors through the prison and provides powerful stories from former inmates and guards. For those interested in a deeper experience, the Behind-the-Scenes Tour includes guided tours to restricted areas and additional historical insights.

Are there any events or exhibits dedicated to Alcatraz’s history?

Yes, the National Park Service regularly hosts special exhibits, educational programs, and commemorative events highlighting various aspects of Alcatraz’s history, including its role as a federal prison, a site of Native American activism, and its unique ecosystem.

How has nature reclaimed Alcatraz Island?

Since becoming part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Alcatraz has become a sanctuary for seabirds and marine life. The island is home to numerous bird species such as cormorants, gulls, and egrets, and the surrounding waters provide a habitat for diverse marine ecosystems.

How long does the Alcatraz tour take?

Most visitors spend about 2-3 hours exploring Alcatraz Island, including taking the self-guided audio tour and visiting other historical landmarks. However, you are free to stay as long as you like and catch any return ferry to Pier 33.

Is Alcatraz Island accessible to all visitors?

Yes, Alcatraz Island is committed to accessibility. The S.E.A.T. (Sustainable Easy Access Transport) Tram provides transportation for visitors with mobility challenges, and the main areas, including the cellhouse and exhibits, are wheelchair accessible.

Can I explore Alcatraz at night?

Yes, Alcatraz City Cruises offers an Alcatraz Night Tour, which provides a unique and atmospheric experience with special programs, narrated tours, and stunning sunset views of the bay.

Are there any movies or shows about Alcatraz’s history?

Yes, Alcatraz’s storied past has inspired numerous movies and documentaries, including:

• “Escape from Alcatraz” (1979) – Based on the real-life 1962 escape attempt.
• “The Rock” (1996) – An action-thriller set on Alcatraz Island.
• Several documentaries explore its fascinating history, including its role as a prison and site of activism.

Can I volunteer or get involved in Alcatraz National Park programs?

Yes, the National Park Service offers volunteer opportunities, educational outreach, and conservation efforts that allow individuals to get involved in preserving Alcatraz Island and its history.

原始發佈日期： 2018年10月25日